New specimens and a new analysis provide the basis for systematic revision of Central American caecilians. We recognize seven species in the genus Dermophis (oaxacae, mexicanus, gracilior, costaricense, glandulosus, parviceps, and occidentalis). Two species of Gymnopis (syntrema and multiplicata), three of Oscaecilia (osae, elongata, and ochrocephala), and four of Caecilia (nigricans, volcani, isthmica, and leucocephala) occur in Central America. New information about the geology of the region permits reevaluation of the biogeographic history of the group. Data for specimens, distribution maps, and a key are provided.